Forensic toxicology holds a crucial role in criminal investigations. These skilled professionals examine bodily fluids and tissues to identify the presence of harmful substances. Their expertise can help determine the cause of death, reveal potential foul play, and ultimately support law enforcement in bringing to justice complex cases. … Read More

The unique characteristics of alcohols stem directly from the presence of hydrogen bonding. This strong intermolecular force arises from the polarity of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The highly electronegative oxygen atom draws electrons towards itself, creating a partial negative charge (δ-) on the oxygen and a partial positive charge (δ+) on the h… Read More